International Business And Management Of A Multinational...

Introduction As the threshold of conducting business in foreign country becomes lower, it has been appealing to turn a local company into a multinational corporation. By leveraging and gathering resources from global platform, company will make leaping progress not only on profit, but also on brand building. However, the moment a company begins to consider paving its way into foreign markets and goes globally, it needs to take into consideration various kinds of transaction expenditure that rose in trading. Therefore, it has been critical for company executives to understand and utilize the Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) in order to find the most suitable method for company to supervise and minimize the transaction costs. Through analysis into TCT, one can have a deep comprehension on the extension of how multinational companies depend on each other, and how to choose between centralized inner supervision (within company) and outer surveillance (market) so as to diminish transaction costs. This paper analyzes the reasons that lead to transaction costs, what is the meaning and how to apply TCT in international business and management endeavor. Even though TCT is a renowned theory, it still needs revision and enhancement. However, scholars put widely different perspectives on to TCT theory scattering into diverse subjects, making the theory unable to receive progress as a whole. Article Review It is known to all that managing business globally will give rise to variousShow MoreRelatedThe General Impact of Management in International Business1075 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays the international trade has a considerable extension; the exchange of goods, services, and natural resources is making in all over the world. Transportation and communication become quicker with the precious aid of the new technology. Often, several companies move from their native country to another one. The world is seen now as a global market where a diversity of societies is appealed to deal together. So, the management must from now on be considered in larger sense as several countriesRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Business Management Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 1101: PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT The Impact of Management in Globalization of Business. Globalization is the process in which a business or organization start operating on an international scale. 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Two major concerns of many international business corporationsRead MoreInternational Hrm Staffing Policies1357 Words   |  6 PagesINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Distinguish between Ethnocentric and Polycentric Human Resource Management policies used by Multinational Corporations, clearly outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each. ETHNOCENTRIC POLICY The ethnocentric staffing policy refers to the strategy of a multinational company to employ managers for key positions from the parent headquarters instead of employing local staff. In the ethnocentric approach, the cultural values and business practices of the homeRead MoreStarbucks Corporation1716 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks Corporation By Oybek Salimov Outline Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1. Background of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2. Starbucks’s expansion.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Risks associated with expansion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 4. Capital structure of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Introduction GlobalizationRead MoreInternational Vs Domestic Strategies : International Marketing Model1326 Words   |  6 PagesInternational vs Domestic Strategies Strategies are the models of guiding companies from the existing position to where it owners would like it to be. 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Special Interest - 1515 Words

Define an interest group with examples. Interest group – usually a voluntary organization where members share a common interest in which they seek to influence public policy, without seeking political control. They have primary activities such as lobbying the members of the legislative bodies through contributions to political parties, trying to elect sympathetic or pliable politicians, and by conducting covert or open propaganda campaigns. (Interest Groups, n.d.) There are a few different types of interest groups and they are as follows: Economic Interest Groups This is the largest category that includes organizations that represent big businesses, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers†¦show more content†¦(1) They seek to win elections or electoral positions; (2) they reorganize around those periodic elections and then may become less active, and (3) they depend on the local mobilization of voters who support political candidates but not necessarily the party organization. Interest groups are more issue oriented, are continuously maintained, and are dependent on supporters who identify with their organization. (Browne, n.d.) One thing that differentiates political parties from interest groups arises from the nature of the political system in which they operate and from the various electoral rules and structures that exist in different countries. In corporatist societies, interest groups may be invited to participate in government decisions to the exclusion of competitor interests. In parliamentary system, a party may have a narrow base and may try to win only a small number of legislative seats. (Browne, n.d.) Explain how interest groups try to influence the president and Congress as these two branches work together to make policy. Trying to persuade government officials through direct inside contact is called the inside game. Lobbying is another term for inside game. Lobbyists normally work for a specific interest group, corporation, or law firm that specializes in professional lobbying. (Interest Groups, 2012) Lobbying originates from the way interest groups played the inside games in the nineteenthShow MoreRelatedSpecial Interest Tourism : Special Tourism2517 Words   |  11 PagesSPECIAL INTEREST TOURISM Special interest tourism is characterized as going with the essential inspiration of practicising or appreciating an special interest. This can incorporate bizarre hobbies, exercises, themes which have a tendency to pull in niche markets. The term special interest tourism has generally been utilized for those types of tourism which concentrate on activities which draw attention of little number of very committed guests. These may be moderately irregular hobbies or exercisesRead MoreSpecial Interest Tourism4520 Words   |  19 Pagesreport  includes  detailed  study  on  tea  tourism  in  Darjeeling,  different  types  of   tea,  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  tea  tourism.   Special  Interest  Tourism   Tourists  looking  for  products  that  will  fulfil  their  particular  need  are  the  special   interest  tourists  referred  to  as  ``niche  market.’’.  Brotherton  and   Himmetoglu   (1997)  suggest  that  people  who  decide  to  take  such  holidays  are  people,  who   already  have  an  interest  in  a  specific  activity  as  a``  dabbler,  an  enthusiast,  an   expert  or  a  fanatic.’’  Though  the  market  is  smallRead MoreSpecial Purpose Entities or Variable Interest Entities: Lack of Equity Investors1531 Words   |  7 PagesVariable Interest Entities One topic that has generated much discussion and even some â€Å"bad blood† in the accounting profession and business community as a whole is variable interest entities, formerly known as â€Å"special purpose entities.† One common definition of a variable interest entity is a legal business structure which does not have enough capital to support itself due to its lack of equity investors. The financial support for the variable interest entity is provided by an outside sourceRead MoreSpecial Interest Terrorism And Terrorism936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Special interest terrorism differs from traditional right-wing and left-wing terrorism in that extremist special interest groups seek to resolve specific issues, rather than effect widespread political change. Special interest extremists continue to conduct acts of politically motivated violence to force segments of society, including the general public, to change attitudes about issues considered important to their causes. These groups occupy the extreme fringes of animal rights, pro-life, environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Special Interest On Hispanic Students860 Words   |  4 PagesThese types of services might be of special interest to the LEALES members considering, that Latino students because of their racial and socio-economic background tend to come largely from under-resourced, understaffed, underperforming, and inadequately funded schools. (Saenz Ponjuan, 2009) This often means that the teachers at the schools were underprepared and had a high turnover rate. This might be one of the reasons that 41% of Latino students require remediation courses and only 13% of HispanicsRead MoreThe Forces Behind Special Interest Groups1929 Words   |  8 Pagesdemocratic processes. Most of these reasons can be indentified through the phenomenon of special interest groups and the impact on law, society and economy that these forces exert. The purpose of this essay is to describe and explain the forces behind special interest groups and how these units seek to influence the making of public policy. In order to accomplish this task, this essay will first define what a special interest group is and the history behind this political tactic. The essay will continueRead MoreMy Initial Interest Of Special Education1145 Words   |  5 Pages My initial interest in special education seamlessly developed from a strong desire to serve my community, evolving through my work as a Behavior Interventionist. I recall my first session with a six-year-old boy diagnosed with classical autism. Developmentally, there was an impairment in social interaction, and profound lack of spoken language attempting communicate through gestures. As my first student, he definitely brought new challenges, but the momentum he was gaining through our services wasRead MoreSpecial Interest Groups in the United States629 Words   |  2 Pagespower of spec ial interest groups in the United States. Political structures, embedded in Constitutional Law, aid the development and support of interest groups. Mot notably, the First Amendment guarantees American citizens the right to organize and to participate in political organizations. Socially, the United States is extremely heterogeneous and diverse. With only two viable political parties, it would be impossible to represent the interests of all groups and especially minority interest groupsRead MoreAid For Illegal Immigrants : Special Interests Or The Best Interests Of Society?2680 Words   |  11 PagesFinancial Aid for Illegal Immigrants: Special Interests or the Best Interests of Society? The mention of immigration in large groups can immediately engender heated debate as people, informed by their personal experience, pose simplistic solutions to the problem or mourn their absence in this highly complicated situation. To some degree, immigration creates two camps: those who believe immigrants should be embraced and those who perceive immigrants legal or otherwise, as a threat to society.Read MoreSpecial Interests Groups and Political Participation Paper1102 Words   |  5 PagesReview of Special Interest Groups and Political Participation There are many Special Interest Groups involved in the influence of public policy. The view about the influence these Special Interest Groups create is that their attempts are biased to their special interest and the interests of their clients. Unfortunately, the influence of the most well funded interest groups overshadows even the most well intentioned under funded interest groups. This paper will focus on one special interest

Hate Crime Policy Differentiation And Correlation Essay Example For Students

Hate Crime Policy Differentiation And Correlation Essay To Political Culture Many political scientists and researchers to a number of policy arenas in the United States ranging from corporal punishment to the quality of urban life have applied Daniel Elazars concept of political cultures. For a vast majority of these policy programs, a considerable correlation has been found to exist between the region examined and its approach to a specific policy. Elazar focused on three primary political cultures: the Moralist political culture (MPC), the Individual political culture (IPC), and the Traditional political culture (TPC). These cultures have served as a basis for explaining the difference that exist in the political, social, and personal facets of each respective region. These ideas have been consistent throughout the course of this nations history, existing even in present times. I have chosen to focus on a policy program that has demanded a great deal of attention in more recent times, namely in the past few years: hate crime policy. With more widespread media coverage, hate crimes have become more prevalent and more publicized than ever before. The Benjamin Smith shootings and the murder of Matthew Shepard are only two examples of recent crimes, which have been considered hate crimes that have promoted politicians and legislators to address this ever-growing problem and formulate a solution. This paper will attempt to define and uncover the history behind hate crime and the existing legislation. Furthermore, I will explain my own hypothesis then examine regional difference in the approaches to hate crimes and compare and contrast them to Daniel Elazars idea of political cultures. My own hypothesis is that moralist cultures will have been the first to initiate hate crime policy and be most likely to have such policies followed by individualist, then traditi onalist political cultures. Hate Crime: Definition and History Every since the body of James Byrd was found in pieces on a road in east Texas, the authorities have been struggling to bring charges to reflect the horror of the crime. Murder seems too pat: Mr. Byrd was chained to a truck and dragged for almost three miles. In Texas, simple murder does not carry the death penalty. But Mr. Byrd was black, apparently murdered by racists, so there is a call for this killing to be labeled a hate crime, for which the punishment is death by lethal injection (5). Every day in the United States someone is attacked on the basis of his or her race, religious affiliation, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation among other things. These attacks often take the form of verbal harassment but some end in violent assault or death. Recent studies indicate a rise in the number of bias or hate crimes since 1985 (4). Congress has defined hate crimes as a crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim, or in the case of property crime, the property that is the object of the crime, because of the actual or perceived race, color, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of any person (1). Valerie Jenness and Ryken Grattet claim that hate crime have become a highly visible social problem that continues to garner national attention and elicit community activism (2). When, however, did the concept of hate crimes evolve? It was not until the late 1970s that lawmakers in the United States began responding to a perceived escalation of racial, ethnic, religious, and other forms of intergroup conflict with a novel legal strategy: the criminalization of hate-motivated intimidation and violence. As a result of this strategy, most state legislatures passed at least one piece of hate crime legislation in the late 1980s and into the 1990s. Such legislation was justified by the harassment and intimidation, assault, and destruction of property that was found to be particularly dangerous and socially disruptive when motivated by bigotry (3). Art essay fine artThe first hate crime law was passed in California in 1978, and since then hate crimes statues have taken many forms, including statues prescribing criminal penalties for civil rights violations, specific ethnic intimidation and malicious harassment statues, and provisions for enhanced penalties. These laws specify provision for race, religion, color, ethnicity, ancestry, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, age, disability, creed, marital status, political affiliation, involvement in civil or .