Basic Cognitive Skills †A Comparison Free Essays

There are three established ways to approach a task. One can either use the methods in Bloom’s Taxonomy, the Scientific Method or the Universal Troubleshooting Method. Each of these methods is systematic and hierarchical – from the least complex to the most complex, with each step as important as the next. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Cognitive Skills – A Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each method has been designed to assist individuals in undertaking tasks that are seemingly difficult. These methods have different characteristics and steps, but some of the means are parallel to the others. However, as diverse as these frameworks may seem, there are also segments connecting each method to the other. Bloom’s Taxonomy (New Version) Originally conceptualized by Benjamin Bloom, Bloom’s Taxonomy is perhaps the most popular framework describing man’s learning method. Several theorists have also discussed and provided variations of this method and recently, Lorin Anderson and David Krathwohl proposed a new version of this method. (Wilson, â€Å"Beyond Bloom – A new Version of the Cognitive Taxonomy,† par. 4) In following the template of Bloom’s Taxonomy, the first step involves the acquisition of the knowledge using the senses. It often involves identification, repetition, and memorization. The second step is comprehension. Comprehension occurs when a person can already discuss a concept or idea by explanation or illustration. When an idea can be applied to concrete situations, one has already reached the third step – application. It involves being able to use the concept in more common situations that it can be related to. The fourth step – analysis – includes the ability to scrutinize the concept. The fifth step is evaluation, in which the concept can be judged and criticized based on certain standards. By the sixth step, one shall be able to take the concept apart and use it to form a new complete entity – this is called synthesis. The Scientific Method The steps in the Scientific Method take on a slightly different angle. The first step involves asking the question where the topic to be studied is identified. Next, a background research is conducted about the concept. This is where available previous studies are referred to, so it is determined whether there have been other scientists or researchers who have undertaken the project. Formulation of the hypothesis is next in the process. A good hypothesis is measurable and coherent to the question initially proposed. Tests are to be conducted to try out the validity of the hypothesis. The results of these tests are taken down and evaluated so as to draw conclusions. The results are further evaluated and connected to the previous steps. One analyzes whether there has been positive or negative results coming from the tests that have been conducted. The initial hypothesis is brought out and scrutinized on its validity. With all of the data that have been gathered, a detailed report is constructed to illustrate the details and results of the entire task. One characteristic of the Scientific Method is that one or more of the steps can be repeated if the previous strategy does not yield results or the desirable outcome. Furthermore, there are times when a certain step like â€Å"testing the hypothesis† can be repeated several times in succession until concrete and verifiable results are accomplished. On the other hand, the new model of Bloom’s Taxonomy requires fulfillment of a certain step before moving on to the next level. In fact, one cannot move on to the next level without the completion of the previous one. For example: one cannot apply knowledge which he cannot comprehend first nor one cannot try to comprehend what he does not know of. Universal Troubleshooting Method The Universal Troubleshooting Method is characterized by a five-step program. Initially, a complete description of the problem is taken into account. To prepare for the process, all necessary tools should be present, including the best suitable environment for the project. All of the indications of the problem should be entirely noted detail by detail to ensure that the correct steps are going to be taken in the process of solving it. To check if the problem is correctly identified, one should be able to replicate the symptoms. After this step, one is tasked to narrow down the root cause of the problem. This means that all nuances are to be tested and eliminated, if proven as a secondary cause. This can be a lengthy process and may require a lot of patience, much like testing the hypothesis in the Scientific Method. Once the root cause is identified, steps are to be taken to resolve or repair it. Using the appropriate tools, the root of the problem is eliminated and/or replaced. After the work in replacing or eliminating the problem, testing needs to be made. One checks whether the problem still exists or persists. In cases when it does, then some of the steps are to be repeated to make sure that the problem is resolved properly. There may be instances when the problem is incorrectly identified and the step must be repeated to correctly identify the problem. But if the correct problem is resolved, it needs to be tested several times to ensure that it would not happen again. Additionally, one must check if there are any potential problems that are created while resolving the main problem – problems that may cause more difficulty in the future. The Universal Troubleshooting Method is aimed at solving or finding the solution to a particular predicament, while Bloom’s Taxonomy can be used in more levels like learning a new skill – in fact, it is often utilized in a learning environment. This method (Universal Troubleshooting Method) can be more likened to the Scientific Method since it is normally following a dilemma. The steps, although not entirely interchangeable, can be repeated as much as it calls for. These methods require careful planning and execution – each project done following the steps correctly will definitely yield productive results. These three approaches show how to manage a task. Each of these works based on a system that proves to be effective and, thus, valuable. Each system, each step, is geared towards the solution of the problem at hand. They are designed in such a way that each seems to be somewhat a reflection of the others, with variations or modifications devised based on necessity. But even with these distinctions, these approaches are, in the end, essentially similar to each other. Works Cited: Litt, Steve. â€Å"The Universal Troubleshooting Process†. 2006. Troubleshooters. Com. 16 June 2009. http://www. troubleshooters. com/tuni. htm#_The_10_step_ Universal_Troubleshooting. Wilson, Leslie Owen. â€Å"Beyond Bloom – A new Version of the Cognitive Taxonomy. † 2006. Dr. Leslie Owen Wilson’s Homepage. 16 June 2009. http://www. uwsp. edu/ education/lwilson/curric/newtaxonomy. htm. â€Å"Steps of the Scientific Method†. Science Buddies. 2009. Kenneth Lafferty Hess Family Charitable Foundation. 16 June 2009. http://www. sciencebuddies. org/mentoring/ project_scientific_method. shtml. How to cite Basic Cognitive Skills – A Comparison, Papers

Mortgage Refinancing At Vintage Building Society †Free Sample

Executive Summary The bank of Vintage Building Society has been receiving growing number of refinancing applications due to economic downturn. In order to handle the situation efficiently, the bank had introduced a new system for conducting the refinancing activities. However, dissatisfaction of the customers has assisted in identifying some major flaws of the existing refinancing system. This report focuses on scrutinizing the existing system of refinancing. Moreover, the major flaws o the existing system has been identified with the aid of customer complaints. Therefore, this report has produced a new design for the service blueprint in order to carry out the refinancing activities efficiently. Table of Contents Executive Summary. 2 Introduction. 4 Analysis of the Refinancing Process. 4 Problems of the Refinancing Process in Vintage Building Society. 8 Design of new Service Blueprint for Improving the Overall Process. 10 Conclusion. 16 References. 18 Introduction The Vintage Building Society was established early 1950s in the winegrowing district of the Hunter Valley in New South Wales. The Society is possessed only by its members and involved in business with the members. During the account opening procedure, prospective clients are obliged to take the membership of the society. The financial institution of the society has been experiencing slow as well as steady growth. The growing mining sector and wine industry has assisted the society in flourishing. But the economic downturn in the recent years has accelerated the rate of refinancing of home loans in this particular region. As the prospective as well as existing customers are in search of economical loans, number of applications for refinancing is increasing. The new procedure of loan approval is consisted of five stages. As the customers have complained regarding various service issues, the present refinancing process needs to be reviewed. Moreover, the report also contains suggestions for improving the present service. Analysis of the Refinancing Process In this section, the present refinancing process of the Vintage Building Society will be analyzed in order to find the significance of this process. It has been observed that, due to economic downturn customers are looking for economical loans. Consequently, Vintage Building Society is receiving huge number of applications for refinancing. A new procedure is essentially needed for handling the increasing volume of refinancing application. Hence, the retail bank of Vintage Building Society has developed a five-stage process. The service blueprint of the method must be analyzed to identify its flaws. A service blueprint is responsible for recognizing a suitable service procedure and it must consider the perspective of the customers. The new service design has identified five distinct stages and in order to execute each activity experienced and skilled personnel are appointed. The five stages of the refinancing process will be discussed in this section. Stage 1: Loan Application For starting the procedure, the clients have to complete loan application with the help of a loan officer. In this stage, the loan officer explains the choices accessible to the client. Thus the customer will get exposed to the various type of loan options available and choose the best one for him. The loan officer also checks whether the client fits the bill for loan approbation with the aid of customer-reported data. If it is found that the loan can be approved, the customer needs to sign the application form and all the official documents for authorizing the credit check and access to other relevant information for approving loan. The client is additionally asked to provide all the necessary documents for continuing the process of loan application. Therefore, the customer must be assured that the loan application will be processed soon and ask them to wait for the approval notification. Hence, this procedure will assist the customers obtaining information regarding various loan op tions. Moreover, it will also aid in collection of relevant documents if the client is apparently found to be eligible for the loan application (Greasley, 2008). Stage 2: Loan Processing When the process of loan application is completed, the customer file is sent to the department of loan processing. In this stage all the verification activities take place. The loan processing officer gets involved in the credit check process and verifies other loans or mortgages issued in other financial institutions. Moreover, valuation off property and employment verification of the loan applicant is done in this phase. During the verification, if the loan processing officer faces any issue or complication, he must ask for advice from the loan officer. In the verification report if any anomaly is identified or if it does not match with the information provided in the application, the loan applicant is asked for clarifying and explaining the discrepancies. If the loan processing department finds the explanation acceptable, it is included in the file and therefore the file is moved to the loan officer (Heizer and Render, 2009). In case the loan amount is exceeding $750,000, the file is sent to the Societys board for obtaining final approval of the loan. Hence, it can be implied that this phase is emphasizing on the evaluation of the credit worthiness of the applicant. The verification I prepared in this phase so that in the next step, based on this report the loan officer or the Societys board can make decisions regarding loan approval. This step is essential as the verification report is the determinant factor for the decision making or loan approval. Expert and qualified officials are given this role so that the organization does not encounter any loss as a result of taking wrong decision. This step is one of the most significant steps of the loan process. Stage 3: Loan Closing On the basis of the credit report, the loan closing officer sends an offer letter to the customers along with the all necessary mortgage documents. In this document, the terms, conditions and cost of the loan is described in detail. If the customer agrees upon all the conditions and terms, he needs to sign on the relevant documents and send those back to the loan closing officer. Once the signed copy is received by the officer for finalizing the loan, he calculates the amount of the final loan as well as payout amount for the previous loan. Therefore, the arrangement of settlements is done between the solicitor of the customer and the bank or financial institution which is holding the previous loan. This phase is extremely important as terms and conditions are clearly described and the loan closing officer asks the customers to agree upon it. Hence, the loan finally closes in this phase. Moreover, the payout is calculated for the previous loan and settlement is completed. This stage has been designed for completing the loan closing process smoothly and aims to make an agreement based on the defined terms and conditions (Russell and Taylor, 2009). Stage 4: New Account Establishment This is a very short phase where the loan servicing specialist establishes a new account. The activity of the loan servicing specialist is dependent upon the advice from the loan closing officer. Additionally, in this stage the settlement cheques are arranged and the customer is ensured that the loan is properly set up. Stage 5: Loan Payment setup In this stage, the loan-payment specialist is responsible for issuing payment books. Additionally, he sets up an automatic system for withdrawing mortgage fee and calculates the monthly payment amounts. The loan payment specialist is responsible for monitoring the late payment of mortgages. This step emphasizes on ensuring that the regular loan repayment is done by the customers. Every step of this service design has specific objectives. The roles and responsibilities are delegated among the expert employees so that the huge number of refinancing application can be evaluated, processed and closed promptly. The entire procedure is aiming to assist the customers in refinancing process so that it becomes convenient to them. Moreover, this process also monitors the repayment of the loan and late payments. Problems of the Refinancing Process in Vintage Building Society Due to increasing number of refinancing application, the retail bank of the Vintage Building Society is encountering lot of issues. From the customers complains it can be inferred that the refinancing process in the Vintage Building Society is not efficient. According to the complaints of the customers the major drawbacks of the new system has been identified in this section. Complexity in the Loan Application Procedure The complicated procedure of the loan application is creating a lot of problem for the customers. According to the customers opinion, lengthy forms need to be filled by them in the refinancing application. Customers suggest that the loan officer can choose verbal communication methods which will save time. It takes a lot of time to fill up the form and reverting to the mails sent by the loan officer. Instead of making the procedure complicated, the customers want to have a simplified method. The forms require a lot of information which needs to be filled by the loan applicant. This has become a serious problem for the refinancing process of the bank of Vintage Building Society. Lengthy Loan Processing Method A customer had complained that process of refinancing took two months to get completed which is too long. The customer had pointed out that if he had chosen any other bank it would have saved his time as well as money. For the lengthy method of loan processing he has to bear the extra cost for these two months mortgage payment. In the previous section it has already been discussed that in the second step i.e. loan processing, the information provided in the loan application is verified. A lot of verification is undertaken in this phase which is necessary for checking the credit worthiness of loan applicant. But, the process is time consuming while the other banks are completing this process within shorter time period. Consequently, the customer has to pay higher mortgage payment due to the long time period for processing the refinancing application. Moreover, one customer has complained that the loan approval process took so much time that his credit report, termite inspection report and valuation report got expired. The customer has complained about the so much time-consuming approval process. Additionally, he blamed the bank for expiration of the reports an asked the bank to pay for new reports. A customer complained about that no addition was made to his house property which was valued last year. However, the bank had undertaken valuation of property although it has access to the tax assessment of the client. The time consuming loan approval procedure is affecting the customers in terms of time and money (Omara, 2007). On the other hand, bank is failing to gain customer satisfaction and reputation is affected. It is a major problem for the refinancing process of the retail bank of Vintage Building Society. Inefficient Distribution of Job Responsibilities It has been observed that that single work has been duplicated. The inefficient distribution of job responsibilities has leaded the employees to get involved in a same task. One of the customers has complained about the fact that he was asked about same information from several people. Lack of proper delegation of job responsibilities has leaded to repetition of the same work. It wasted time and disturbed the customers. Another customer complained that he had received a letter from the loan payment specialist. A lot of forms were attached to the letter. The customer complained that it had asked to know about the mortgage payments. According to the customer the same things were filled during the loan closing process and he had agreed upon all the terms. The ignorance and inefficiency of the employees have leaded to these situations. Both the customers and the bank have wasted their time and money for these activities. Lack of proper planning and designing of the work is reflected in t his process (Russell and Taylor, 2009). This is a serious problem of the Vintage Building Society Bank. Errors in Loan Payment Setup It has been found that the customer is complaining about the calls from bank regarding overdue mortgage payment. An automatic system has been established for withdrawing the mortgage payment form the account of the customer. Hence, there is no point of calling the customers regarding the due payment. It can be inferred that the loan payment setup is not efficient. Moreover, the employees are not also serious as they do not make sure whether the payment has been received or not. It is not desired to disturb the customers unnecessarily. The objective of the new service design is to cater the customers in such a so that they can find a convenient way for refinancing. In this case, the customer satisfaction cannot be achieved as they are made bothered about the due mortgage payment where it has been already received at the automatic payment system (Narteh and Kuada, 2014). Design of new Service Blueprint for Improving the Overall Process In the previous section the e major flaws of the service blueprint adopted by the bank of Vintage Building Society have been identified. On the basis of the customer complains principle problems associated with the refinancing process have been discussed. This chapter will focus on improving the refinancing service of the bank of Vintage Building Society. Modified service blueprint of the bank of Vintage Building Society is discussed below: Step 1: Loan Application Customer complaints have helped to recognize that the loan application process is a complicated method. In order to enhance the efficiency of the loan application process and making it simple for the customers following points must be considered. Loan officers must be trained in giving advice regarding the availability of various refinancing options to its customers. Each loan officer must be responsible for dealing with certain number of customers. No other loan officer will be allowed to cater the same customer. A precise and relevant form must be sent to the applicant asking for the required documents for further proceedings. The customer must sign and fill all the necessary fields and submit all the documents for credit check. As soon as the loan officer receives the all the documents and consent from the customer, it must be immediately sent to the loan processing department. Introduction of e-application will helps in simplifying the procedure (Al-Sakran, 2012). Thus the loan application procedure will be less complicated and less time-consuming. In this process, the customers need not to get disturbed several times asking for the information from different loan officers. The organized work structure will help in enhancing the efficiency of the entire refinancing process of the bank o Vintage building Society. Step 2: Loan Processing The loan processing is an important step of the refinancing process. The customers have complained that the refinancing process is very lengthy while compared to other financial institutions. Moreover, it was found that the duplication of work has consumed a lot of time and wasted the money of customer as well as bank. In order to improve the loan processing system in Vintage Building Society the following modifications are recommended: Each loan processing officer must be responsible for processing refinancing application of certain number of customers. No other loan processing officer will deal with that customer file. Employment verification, credit check, verification of the mortgage in case it is issued in other institution must be done simultaneously. The responsibility for the different jobs and verification process must be delegated to the concerned department or individual. Hence, all the activities will occur simultaneously and the credit and verification report can be presented soon. Unnecessary activities must be reduced. If the bank has access to tax returns of the customer, valuation of the property is irrelevant. Hence, bank can reduce its activities by accessing to the reliable sources of information. Thus, both time and money can be saved (Mahadevan, 2010). If any issue has been encountered by the loan processing officer, he can contact the loan officer immediately for clarifying the issue. The loan processing officer must approach the loan officer who had previously dealt with the file and the customer. As the loan officer has an idea about that specific case, the issue can be easily resolved with the assistance of the concerned loan officer. After successful completion of the verification process, the loan processing officer must send the file to loan officer or the societys board for approval. This process will help in cutting down the unnecessary activities of the loan processing department. Proper delegation of job roles will help in performing the job role efficiently (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). This process will require less time and save money of bank as well as the customer. Step 3: Loan Closing Once the verification report is received by the loan processing officer, it is set to the loan officer or to the societys board for approval. If the refinancing application is approved, the loan closing officer is responsible for communicating with the customer regarding the terms and conditions of the refinancing. He sends a formal letter explaining about the mortgage cost, conditions attached with relevant documents (Schneider, 2003). If the customer agrees upon the terms and conditions, he must send them back signing on the required documents for finalizing the loan. In this step, the following modifications are necessary: The loan closing officer must send a letter where detailed information of the terms and conditions will be provided. The letter must be composed in lucid language and he must clarify each point when the customer finds difficulty in comprehending any clause (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2001). The final loan amount and the payment amount must be calculated by the loan closing officer an immediately communicated to the customer through e-mail. In this phase, the customer must not be made bothered by asking about the same information which has already been collected during the loan application. Loan closing officer must efficiently arrange settlement between the solicitor of the customer and the other mortgage holder. It must not take long time (Mckinsey.com, 2014). Thus in this step, the settlement is done smoothly and the terms and conditions are clearly communicated to the loan applicant. Step 4: New Account Establishment Once the refinancing is finalized, the loan-servicing specialist will generate a new account for arranging settlement cheques. This must be an instant process and all the documents of the new account must be immediately handed over to the customer. The loan servicing specialist must ensure the customer formally about the proper set up of the new loan (Brennan, 2011). Step 5: Loan Payment Setup This stage is basically associated with the regular collection of the repayment of the mortgage. Some complaints have been lodged by the customers regarding the repayment of loan. The following recommendations must be considered for improving the last stage of the refinancing process of Vintage Building Society: An automated system must be developed for withdrawing the mortgage repayment from the account. All the automated transactions must be recorded immediately (Patr'icio, Fisk and e Cunha, 2008). The loan-payment specialist must calculate the exact amount of monthly payment. The loan payment specialist should regularly monitor the payment of mortgage loans. Late payments must be identified and required steps must be taken by the loan payment department. The customers must not be disturbed if he has opted for an automatic withdrawal system. The loan payment specialist must make sure that the payment is due before communicating with the customer regarding the overdue. Automated repayment system will helps in reducing paper work and waste of time. Thus the modified refinancing system will assist in delivering better customer service without wasting time and money (Gaither and Frazier, 2002). The service blueprint of the refinancing process at the bank of Vintage building Society is outlined below: Service blueprint of the refinancing process at the bank of Vintage building Society SERVICE BLUEPRINT OF THE REFINANCING PROCESS AT THE BANK OF VINTAGE BUILDING SOCIETY Conclusion This report has examined the existing refinancing process of the bank of Vintage Building Society. The major reason for adopting the five-staged process is to handle the increasing number of refinancing application efficiently. The five staged process has focused on establishment of different departments for undertaking different activities. Experienced and expert personnel were appointed for handling the refinancing process. However, some flaws are identified from the customer complaints. It has been found that ineffective delegation of works had leaded a lengthy as well as complicated refinancing process. In this report the principle limitations of the refinancing process have been recognized and discussed. Complicated application procedure, extensively time consuming loan processing method, improper delegation of job responsibilities, erroneous loan payment setup etc has leaded to increasing number of customer complaints. Some suggestions have been made for improving the refinanci ng process with the aid of new service blueprint. For each step, necessary modifications are discussed and effectiveness of those modifications has been outlined. References Al-Sakran, H. (2012). Mobile e-Loan Negotiation Architecture.Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 17(2). Brennan, L. (2011).Operations management. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Greasley, A. (2008).Operations management. 1st ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Gaither, N. and Frazier, G. (2002).Operations management. 1st ed. Australia: South-Western/Thomson Learning. Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2009).Operations management. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearosn, p.111. Kumar, S. and Suresh, N. (2009).Operations management. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International. Mahadevan, B. (2010).Operations management. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, pp.56-150. Mckinsey.com, (2014).Retail bank distribution 2015Full digitalization with a human touch. Narteh, B. and Kuada, J. (2014). Customer Satisfaction with Retail Banking Services in Ghana.Thunderbird International Business Review. Omara, M. (2007). Credit assessment process and repayment of bank loans in Barclays Bank Uganda Ltd. Patr'icio, L., Fisk, R. and e Cunha, J. (2008). Designing multi-interface service experiences the service experience blueprint.Journal of Service Research, 10(4), pp.318--334. Russell, R. and Taylor, B. (2009).Operations management. 6th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, pp.183-220. Schneider, M. (2003).Operations Management. 1st ed. Cengage Learning. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston, R. (2001).Operations management. 1st ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Stevenson, W. (2005).Operations management. 1st ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Marriage and the Limits of Contract

The Monarchs Royal Assent

The Monarchs Royal Assent In Canada, royal assent is the symbolic final stage of the legislative process by which a bill becomes law.   History of Royal Assent The  Constitution Act of 1867 established that the approval of the Crown, signified by royal assent, is required for any bill to become law after passage by both the Senate and the House of Commons, which are the two chambers of Parliament. Royal assent is the final stage of the legislative process, and it is this assent that transforms a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament into law. Once royal assent has been given to a bill, it becomes an Act of Parliament and part of the law of Canada. In addition to being a required part of the legislative process, royal assent has strong symbolic significance in Canada. This is because royal assent signifies the coming together of the three constitutional elements of Parliament: the House of Commons, the Senate and the Crown.   The Royal Assent Process Royal assent may be given through a written procedure or through a  traditional ceremony, in which Members of the House of Commons join their colleagues in the Senate chamber. In the traditional royal assent ceremony, a representative of the   Crown, either the  governor-general of Canada  or a  Supreme Court justice, enters the Senate chamber, where the senators are in their seats. The  Usher of the Black Rod  summons members of the House of Commons to the Senate chamber, and members of both houses of Parliament witness that Canadians wish the bill to become law. This traditional ceremony must be used at least two times per year. The representative of the sovereign consents to the enactment of a bill  by nodding his or her head. Once this royal assent is officially given, the bill has the force of law, unless it contains another date on which it will go into effect. The bill itself is sent to Government House to be signed. Once signed, the original bill is returned to the Senate, where it is put into the archives.

Human growth and development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human growth and development - Assignment Example Erikson believes children go through 4 Psychosocial Stages: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, and Industry vs. Inferiority. Each of these stages are â€Å"defined by a conflict involving the childs relationship with the environment. The particular conflicts a child faces and the way in which they respond t these conflicts is what Erikson believes shapes their personality. 2. Piagets theory of cognitive development maintains that children are active participants in their own cognitive development. Piagets theory begins with basic schemas, â€Å"cognitive structures or concepts used to identify and interpret objects, events and other information in the environment† (Wood 54). Assimilation is the term Piaget uses to describe the way in which children try to fit these new things into their existing schemas. Not everything can be assimilated into existing schemas, and in these cases children will learn to use Accommodation. â€Å"In accommodation, existing schemas are modified or new schemas are created to process new information† (Wood 55). Transition from stage to stage is not abrupt, but gradual with the first stage being the Sensorimotor stage. In this stage, infant gain an understanding of the world through their senses and their object permanence is developed in which children realize that objects continue to exist even when they are o ut of sight. The Preoperational stage occurs next when the child is between 2 and 7 years of age. â€Å"Here children become increasingly able to represent objects and events mentally with words and images† (Wood 56). At this stage children will be able to imitate the behavior of a person who who is no longer in sight through deferred imitation. Between the ages 7 and 12, the Concrete Operations stage causes thinking to be â€Å"less egocentric and they come to realize that people have

Searching for 15 Fallacies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Searching for 15 Fallacies - Research Paper Example This is a fallacy because there are others who have been able to get jobs. 5. Our society is becoming more dangerous. This is a fallacy of Scare tactics. It makes people believe that the world is no longer a good and safe place for anyone. It forces people into taking action to secure themselves against the insecurities of the world. 7. â€Å"This has not traditionally been a partisan issue. Lincoln laid the rails during the course of a civil war. Eisen however built the interstate highway system. Both parties have always believed that America should have the best of everything† This was a statement by Barrack Obama about infrastructure. This is a fallacy of tradition. This is because the speaker is basing their argument on past events. 8. Our Mayor’s opinion about local crime is worthless. He cannot even manage to hold his household together having been married and divorced three times already. This is a type of fallacy called Ad hominen. This statement attacks the mayor’s personal life and not his opinion on local crime. 10. We need to spend more on education. Just because the Russians are, increasing military spending does not mean we should. The future of the nation depends on the children of today. This is a fallacy of Red herring. The person changes the topic. 15. Why suffer the embarrassment of morning mouth? Use xyz toothpaste every evening and wake up to a fresh, exiting mouth. This is a slippery slope fallacy. This is because it has the option of using the toothpaste but one may use something else for fresh

LEGAL SYSTEM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LEGAL SYSTEM - Essay Example The legal system comprises of the various concerned parties of the legal framework namely the court of laws, the lawyers, the plaintiffs, the official staffs of the court of law, the judges and also the society at large as often the judgment are held as records for future purposes and it becomes binding among the people. It was believed that the civil justice system in the United Kingdom was one of the best systems in the world. But like many other nations, any court case called for extensive use of scarce resources like time and money. In order to avoid those, a committee under the chairmanship of Lord Woolf came up with certain recommendations, popularly known as Woolf Reforms, which envisaged reducing the use of time and money in the legal system. This paper aims to provide a critical view of the legal system of United Kingdom especially of the civil justice system with respect to the Woolf Reforms. The United Kingdom comprises of three different jurisdictions namely England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, all with different court system and distinct court system. The civil justice procedure, for which Lord Woolf had elaborate recommendations commences with the County Courts at the bottom of the system. The High Courts of the United Kingdom are basically divided into three divisions like Queens Bench, Family and Chancery. High Courts act as the court of appeals for minor cases as well as court of first instance for major cases. One can appeal the cases also to Court of Appeal (Civil Division). In the United Kingdom, it is the House of Lords that act as the supreme court of appeal where the Law Lords or the thirteen judges designated for the appeal hear the cases. The other indispensable part of the legal framework also comprises of the civil court Judicial Committee of the Privy Council that looks after the matters of the civil justice that arises in the overseas territ ories of United